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Ruthenium-Iridium-Titanium Anodes
Product Classification
1 Insoluble titanium anodes are classified as oxygen precipitating anodes and chlorine precipitating anodes.
2 Ruthenium metal oxide coated titanium anodes are chlorinated anodes.
Mainly used in the production of sodium hypochlorite and seawater electrolysis (antifouling) field.
3 Platinized titanium anodes and iridium metal oxide coated titanium anodes (iridium MMO coated titanium anodes) are oxygen precipitation anodes.
Characteristics of iridium MMO-coated titanium anodes
- The active portion allows current to pass through the coated surface of the titanium anode into the electrolyte, while the titanium surface remains inert without the transitory layer. In case of mechanical damage of the coating on a small area and direct contact of the titanium substrate with the electrolyte (acidic), the titanium anode can continue to operate normally because the titanium surface is protected by the formation of a dense adhesive oxide film.
- It can be operated under high density conditions (current density <11500 A/m2) and has a long service life due to the low consumption of the coated electrocatalyst.
- Oxygen and chloride ions are generated in the anodic reaction on the iridium MMO-coated surface, and the chloride ions serve to maintain a low pH value.
- The iridium MMO coated titanium anode is an electrode with a low oxygen overpotential, which saves energy when the oxygen overpotential is low and the tank pressure is low....
Differences between metal oxide coated titanium anodes and platinized titanium anodes
- Platinized anodes are still predominantly used in many precious metal plating operations, and metal oxide coatings are well known for their much longer service life and lower cost. It has been shown to last 50% to 100% longer than platinized anodes.
- Low bath voltage, another advantage of metal oxide coatings, reduces the influence of organic additives, saving additives and energy.
- Metal oxide coated titanium anodes can be used in almost any field where platinum plated titanium anodes have been used in the past, and there is no need to make any special adjustments to the method of use. However, different electrolytes and organic compositions may have different effects on the coating of the anode during the plating process, so it is best for the customer to provide us with the most detailed electrolyte composition and plating requirements, so that we can design the most demanding coating composition to achieve the best results.
Anodes and coatings |
Fields of application |
Application Notes |
Ruthenium Metal Oxide Coated Titanium Anodes |
Sodium hypochlorite production; seawater electrolysis |
Plate/Retail:Sodium Hypochlorite Electrolyzer Anodes |
Iridium Metal Oxide Coated Titanium Anodes |
Use in highly acidic environments, e.g. |
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Electroplating |
Plate:Decorative trivalent chromium plating anode |
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PCB plating |
Mesh:Decorative trivalent chromium plating anode |
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Plate:Anode for electrolytic copper foil production |
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Mesh/Filament:Wheel Copper/Nickel Plating Low Current Density Zone Auxiliary Anodes |
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Anodization of Aluminum |
PS plate manufacturing |
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Metal Reduction |
Plate:Tungsten/Nickel/Cobalt Electrolytic Deposition Process Anode |
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Electrosynthesis and Ion Exchange Membrane Methods |
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Precious metal plating |
Mesh:PCB gold/palladium plating process |
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Copper plating (with reverse pulse) |
Specialized Plate:PCB reverse pulse copper plating process |
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Tin plating |
Plate:High-speed tin/zinc plating line for thin plates in steel mills |
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Cathodic protection, under high current density conditions |
Plate:Ship hull forced current cathodic protection system for shipbuilding industry |
Platinized Titanium Anodes |
Cathodic protection, at high current densities |
Plate:Ship hull forced current cathodic protection system for shipbuilding industry |
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Electrosynthesis |
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Precious metal plating |
Mesh: PCB Gold Plating |
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Palladium Plating Process |
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Continuous gold plating of connectors/terminals |
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Electroplating |
Reticulation: Decorative Hexavalent Chromium Hard Chromium Plating |
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Piston Ring Hexavalent Chromium Plating |
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Hub Copper/Nickel Plating Low Current Density Zone Auxiliary Anode |
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High Speed Sheet Tin Plating Line for Steel Mills |
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Electrodialysis (with electrodes reversed) |
Applications in TDI systems |
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